RatnerPrestia has been involved with copyright applications, client counseling (e.g., non-infringement or "right-to-use" opinions and copyright availability opinions), and litigation for all of its existence. In response to new technologies; a growing marketplace, including the Internet; and rapidly changing copyright laws, such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which create emerging issues, RatnerPrestia has recently taken steps to expand its copyright practice. We regularly ensure that our clients own the copyrights to printed publications, photography, artwork, films, dolls, and their countless other creative works. One of our specialties is computer software; we are adept at evaluating the interplay between copyright and patent protection for our clients' valuable software. We negotiate and draft copyright development, transfer, and licensing agreements. Various members of RatnerPrestia are actively involved as counsel for the Philadelphia Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts, a nonprofit legal services organization that provides free legal assistance and basic business counseling to area cultural organizations and individuals--fine artists, commercial artists, musicians, performance artists, and writers. Our attorneys provide lectures and seminars to educate clients, attorneys, and others on the subject of copyrights. The Chair of RatnerPrestia's Copyright Practice Group is Jacques Etkowicz. Other members of the Group include Shareholders Larry Ashery and Rex Donnelly, and Associate Lowell Carson.